Fencing on Instagram:

Examining self-presentation as branding strategies of professional fencers

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25029/od.2023.384.24

Keywords:

Sport communication, social media studies, Instagram, Athletes branding, fencing

Abstract

Instagram has impacted how athletes present themselves and communicate with their audiences without the need for mass media mediators, such as journalists. Hence, this study explores the opportunities for professional fencers to develop self-presentation and communication strategies on the platform. The methodological approach is based on netnography and content analysis, evaluating the top 10 fencers accounts (FIE). The findings point out how these athletes build their brand by increasing fan engagement and interaction through sharing training videos, competition photos, and personal stories, while also collaborating with sponsors and brands to open up business opportunities and revenue streams.

Author Biographies

Admilson Veloso da Silva, Corvinus University of Budapest

Admilson Veloso da Silva is a Brazilian Journalist with a MA in Social Communication and is currently pursuing his Ph.D. in Communication Science at the Corvinus University of Budapest, Hungary. He also lectures at the Institute of Marketing and Communication Sciences at the same university. His main research areas are social media studies, Instagram, visual mobile communication, and online self-presentation.

Yiming, Corvinus University of Budapest

Tao Yiming has a Bachelor's degree in Communication and Media Science from the Corvinus University of Budapest and is passionate about fencing and sport communication. He dedicated part of his life to the professional practice of fencing and now aligns it as a hobby with the study of how athletes can use branding to improve the sport's image.

References

Abeza, G., O'riley, N., & Nadeau, J. (2014). Sport communication: A Multidimensional Assessment Of The Field's Development. International Journal Of Sport Communication, 7(3), 289–316. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1123/IJSC.2014-0034

Agrippa C. (1604). Trattato Di Scienza D'arme. Et Un Dialogo In Dettamateria. Venice, 1604.

Allen, B., & Reser, D. (1990). Content Analysis In Library And Information Science Research. Library & Information Science Research, 12(3), 251-260. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ421718.

Arai, A., Ko, Y. J., & Kaplanidou, K. (2014). Athlete Brand Image: Scale Development And Model Test. European Sport Management Quarterly, 13(4), 383–403. DOI: Https://Doi.Org/10.1080/16184742.2013.811609

Arai, A., Ko, Y. J., & Ross, S. (2014). Branding Athletes: Exploration And Conceptualization Of Athlete Brand Image. Sport Management Review, 17(2), 97–106. DOI: Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Smr.2013.04.003

Arruda, W. & Dixson, K. (2007). Career Distinction: Stand Out By Building Your Brand, John Wiley & Sons.

Mogaji, E., Badejo, F.A., Charles, S. & Millisits, J. (2020). To Build My Career Or Build My Brand? Exploring The Prospects, Challenges And Opportunities For Sportswomen As Human Brand, European Sport Management Quarterly, 22(3), pp. 379-397. DOI: Https://Doi.Org/10.1080/16184742.2020.1791209.

Benavides, C., Brito, J. I., Guerrero, J. I., & Tagle, F. (2021). Social perceptions of the Chilean National Soccer Team as a brand. Obra Digital, N. 20, pp. 29-48. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25029/od.2021.0.20

Bernstein, A. & Blain, N. (2002). Sport and the media: the emergence of a major research field, Sport, Media, Culture, Vol. 5(3), pp.1–30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/911094213

Billings, A. C. (2016). Defining Sport Communication (1st Edition). Routledge.

Kemp, S. (2023). Digital 2023. We Are Social Report. https://wearesocial.com/uk/blog/2023/01/digital-2023/

Eagleman, A.N. (2013). Acceptance, Motivations, And Usage Of Social Media As A Marketing Communications Tool Amongst Employees Of Sport National Governing Bodies, Sport Management Review, 16(4), Pp. 488-497. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2013.03.004

Espinosa, R. S. C. (2021). Social media in communication: a constant topic of discussion. Obra Digital, N. 20, pp. 10-13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25029/od.2021.0.20

Geurin-Eagleman, A.N., & Burch, M. B. (2016). Communicating Via Photographs: A Gendered Analysis Of Olympic Athletes’ Visual Self-Presentation On Instagram, Sport Management Review, 19 (2), pp. 133-145. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Smr.2015.03.002.

Hsieh, H.-F., & Shannon, S.E. (2005). Three Approaches To Qualitative Content Analysis. Qualitative Health Research, 15(9), pp. 1277-1288. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732305276687

Hutchins, B. (2011). The Acceleration Of Media Sport Culture. Information, Communication, & Society, 14, pp. 237–257. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2010.508534

Kaplan, A.M. & Haenlein, M. (2010). Users Of The World, Unite! The Challenges And Opportunities Of Social Media, Business Horizons, 53(1), pp. 59-68. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2009.09.003

Kim, A. J., & Hull, K. (2017). How Fans Are Engaging With Baseball Teams Demonstrating Multiple Objectives On Instagram. Sport, Business And Management: An International Journal, 7(2), pp. 216–232. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/sbm-01-2017-0002

Kozinets, R. V. (2010). Netnography. Doing Ethnographic Research Online. Sage Publications.

Krippendorff, K. (2018). Content Analysis: An Introduction to Its Methodology. Sage Publications.

Kutzer, M. (2016). Professional Athletes Role In Society Via Social Media. Loyola University of Maryland. https://www.loyola.edu/academics/emerging-media/blog/2016/professional-athletes-social-media

Labat, J.D. (1696). L’art en fait d’armes. Imprimeur J.Boude, Toulouse, 1696.

Lebel, K., & Danylchuk, K. (2012). How Tweet It Is: A Gendered Analysis Of Professional Tennis Players’ Self-Presentation On Twitter. International Journal Of Sport Communication, 5, 461–480. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsc.5.4.461

Lobillo Mora, G. M. y Aja Gil, M. (2020). Estudio de la presencia digital en MotoGP: Estudio de caso Jorge Lorenzo en Instagram. Ámbitos. Revista Internacional de Comunicación, 48, 102–122. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12795/Ambitos.2020.i48.06

Lobpries, J., Bennett, G., & Brison, N. (2018). How I Perform Is Not Enough: Exploring Branding Barriers Faced By Elite Female Athletes. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 27, 5-17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32731/smq.271.032018.01

Ma, H. (2021). Youth Reference. Young Gen. http://qnck.cyol.com/html/2021-09/03/nw.D110000qnck_20210903_1-06.htm

Manikonda, L., Hu, Y., & Kambhampati, S. (2014). Analyzing User Activities, Demographics, Social Network Structure, and User-Generated Content on Instagram. ArXiv, abs/1410.8099.

Marion, E. & Hambrick, M. E. (2017). Sport communication research: A social network analysis. Sport Management Review, 20 (2), pp. 170-183. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2016.08.002.

Meraz, S. (2009). Is There An Elite Hold? Traditional Media To Social Media Agenda Setting Influence In Blog Networks. Journal Of Computer-Mediated Communication, 14, 682–707. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2009.01458.x

Mogaji, E., Bádéjọ, F.A., Charles, S., & Millisits, J. (2020). To build my career or build my brand? Exploring the prospects, challenges, and opportunities for sportswomen as a human brand. European Sport Management Quarterly, 22, 379 - 397. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2020.1791209

Na, S., Kunkel, T. & Doyle, J. (2020). Exploring athlete brand image development on social media: the role of signalling through source credibility. European Sport Management Quarterly, 20(1), pp. 88-108. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2019.1662465

Parmentier, M. A., & Fischer, E. (2012). How Athletes Build Their Brands. International Journal Of Sport Management And Marketing, 11(1-2), 106–124. DOI: Https://Doi.Org/10.1504/Ijsmm.2012.045491

Pedersen, P. M.; Laucella, P. C.; Miloch, K.S.; & Fielding, L. W. (2007). The juxtaposition of sport and communication: defining the field of sport communication. International Journal Of Sport Management And Marketing, 2(3), pp 193-207. DOI: Https://Doi.Org/10.1504/IJSMM.2007.012400.

Poletti, A. (2011). Coaxing An Intimate Public: Life Narrative In Digital Storytelling. Journal Of Media & Cultural Studies, 25(1), pp. 73–83. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10304312.2010.506672

Porzio L. & Mele, G. Arte Gladiatoria Dimicandi. 15th Century Swordsmanship Of Master Filippo Vadi. Chivalry Bookshelf.

Roi, G. S. & Bianchedi, D. (2008). The Science Of Fencing. Sports Med, 38, pp. 465–481. DOI: Https://Doi.Org/10.2165/00007256-200838060-00003

Romney, M. & Johnson, R. G. (2020). Show Me A Story: Narrative, Image, And Audience Engagement On Sports Network Instagram Accounts. Information, Communication & Society, 23(1), pp. 94-109. DOI: Https://Doi.Org/10.1080/1369118x.2018.1486868.

Romney, M., & Johnson, R. G. (2020). The Ball Game Is For The Boys: The Visual Framing Of Female Athletes On National Sports Networks’ Instagram Accounts. Communication & Sport, 8(6), pp. 738–756. DOI: Https://Doi.Org/10.1177/2167479519836731

Sanderson, J. (2008). The Blog Is Serving Its Purpose: Self-Presentation Strategies On 38pitches. Com. Journal Of Computer-Mediated Communication, 13, pp. 912–936. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2008.00424.x

Sanderson, J., & Kassing, J. W. (2011). Tweets And Blogs: Transformative, Adversarial, And Integrative Developments In Sports Media. In A. C. Billings (Ed.), Sports Media: Transformation, Integration, Consumption (pp. 114–127). Routledge

Serafinelli, E.; Villi, M. (2017). Mobile Mediated Visualities: An Empirical Study of Visual Practices on Instagram. Digital Culture & Society. Mobile Digital Practices, 3(2), pp. 165-182. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25969/mediarep/13520.

Smith, L. R.; & Sanderson, J. (2015). I'm Going To Instagram It! An Analysis Of Athlete Self-Presentation On Instagram. Journal Of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 59(2), pp. 342-358. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08838151.2015.1029125.

Toivonen, S. (2007). Web On The Move. Landscapes Of Mobile Social Media. Vtt Research Notes, 2403, Espoo. DOI: https://www.vttresearch.com/sites/default/files/pdf/tiedotteet/2007/T2403.pdf

Veloso, A. S. (2018) Geração Digital e a Mediação Da Experiência De Visibilidade: estudo sobre Stories em aplicativos e redes sociais nos dispositivos móveis entre adolescentes. [Digital Generation and the Mediation of the Experience of Visibility: a study on Stories in apps and social networks on mobile devices among adolescents.] Belo Horizonte: PUC Minas, 2018.

Veloso, A. S. (2021). Visual communication in the age of digital-networked images: an analysis of Instagram Stories features. In INMECS21, 1. Uluslararası Medya ve Kültürel Çalışmalar Konferansı, Dijital Dünyada İletişim, Sanat ve Kültür, 6-7 Eylül 2021, Hasan Kalyoncu University, Gaziantep, Turkey, pp. 264-275.

Walsh, P., & Williams, A. (2017). To Extend Or Not Extend A Human Brand: An Analysis Of Perceived Fit And Attitudes Toward Athlete Brand Extensions. Journal Of Sport Management, 31(1), 44–60. DOI: Https://Doi.Org/10.1123/Jsm.2015-0314

Published

2023-12-21

How to Cite

Veloso da Silva, A., & Yiming, T. (2023). Fencing on Instagram: : Examining self-presentation as branding strategies of professional fencers . Obra Digital, (24), 51–71. https://doi.org/10.25029/od.2023.384.24