¿Divide y vencerás?

Un modelo para la retransmisión deportiva OTT en directo

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25029/od.2023.382.24

Palabras clave:

Deportes, radiodifusión, medios digitales, fandom, televisión

Resumen

El presente estudio examina si la oferta de varios niveles de una retransmisión deportiva (tres niveles dirigidos a los nuevos aficionados al deporte, a los aficionados tradicionales y a los aficionados incondicionales) aumentaría la intención del espectador de ver deportes. Los resultados revelan que el nivel de afición a los deportes podría aumentar si las emisoras aplicaran un modelo viable de transmisión de deportes en varios niveles basado en tres niveles de afición, y que a los espectadores, incluso a los más aficionados, les gusta la idea de una emisión introductoria que explique con más detalle el deporte que están viendo, tal vez porque podría ayudarles a cumplir su deseo de consumir más deportes a través de la fantasía y las apuestas.

Biografía del autor/a

Roxane Coche, University of Florida

Roxane Coche (Comunicación de masas, Universidad de Carolina del Norte) es profesora asociada y presidenta interina del Departamento de Producción, Gestión y Tecnología de los Medios de Comunicación de la Universidad de Florida. Su prioridad en la investigación es comprender mejor el entorno mundial en rápida evolución y captar las relaciones entre deportes, medios de comunicación y cuestiones sociales.

Benjamin J. Lynn, University of Florida

Benjamin J. Lynn, PhD., (Comunicación de masas, Universidad de Florida) es profesor adjunto en la Facultad de Periodismo y Comunicación de la Universidad de Florida. Su investigación se centra en las retransmisiones en directo en general y explora cuestiones sociales en las retransmisiones deportivas.

Matthew J. Haught, University of South Carolina

Matthew J. Haught, Ph.D., (Mass communication, University of South Carolina) es profesor del Departamento de Periodismo y Medios Estratégicos de la Universidad de Memphis. Su investigación explora la comunicación visual y la tecnología en un amplio espectro de usos, desde la comunicación sanitaria a los medios deportivos.

Citas

Bowman, M. (n.d.). How will OTT in sports broadcasting impact advertising? TechRadar. https://www.techradar.com/news/how-will-ott-in-sports-broadcasting-impact-advertising

Buehler, B. (2020). Sports television and the continuing search for alternative programming. International Journal of Sport Communication, 13, 566-574. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsc.2020-0245

Bretos, M. [@MaxBretosSports]. (2022, May 4). If We can get 68,000 to watch an MLS game in person, why can’t we get 300K to watch at home? [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/MaxBretosSports/status/1522043643418320896

Brown, R. (2012, November 15). A trip inside the RedZone. Grantland. http://grantland.com/features/watching-day-nfl-games-redzone-studio/

Coche, R. (2014). What women’s soccer fans want: a Twitter study. Soccer & Society, 15(4), 449-471. https://doi.org/10.1080/14660970.2012.753542

Coche, R. (2016). The amount of women’s sports coverage on international sports news websites’ home pages: Content analysis of the top two sites from Canada, France, Great Britain, and the United States. Electronic News, 9(4), 223-241. https://doi.org/10.1177/1931243115604882

Coche, R., & Lynn, B. J. (2020). Behind the scenes: COVID-19 consequences on broadcast sports production. International Journal of Sport Communication, 13(3), 484-493. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsc.2020-0231

Cooky, C., Council, L. D., Mears, M. M. & Messner, M. A. (2021). One and done: The long eclipse of women’s televised sports, 1989-2019. Communication & Sport. https://doi.org/10.1177/21674795211003524

Cummins, R. G. (2009). The effects of subjective camera and fanship on viewers' experience of presence and perception of play in sports telecasts. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 37, 374-396. https://doi.org/10.1080/00909880903233192

Cushen, P. J., Rife, S. C. & Wann, D. L. (2019). The emergence of a new type of sport fan: Comparing the fandom, motivational “profiles, and identification of electronic and traditional sport fans. Journal of Sport Behavior, 42(2), 127-141.

Farmer, S. (2019). Red Zone channel changed how we watch the NFL by catering to millennials’ attention spans. Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/sports/story/2019-12-02/nfl-red-zone-channel-millenials-short-attention-span-andrew-siciliano

Feng, Y., Wang J. & Yoon Y. (2020). Online webcast demand vs. offline spectating channel demand (stadium and tv) in the professional sports league. Sustainability, 12(23), 9906. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12239906

Fingas, J. (2018, Sept. 25). Amazon’s NFL streams will feature an all-female commentary team. Engadget. https://www.engadget.com/2018-09-25-amazon-thursday-night-football-women-commentary.html

Forristal, L. (2022, April 12). FIFA gets into the streaming business with the new soccer platform FIFA+. TechCrunch. https://techcrunch.com/2022/04/12/fifa-gets-into-the-streaming-business-with-the-new-soccer-platform-fifa/

Fortunato, J. A. (2008). Pete Rozelle: Developing and communicating the sports brand. International Journal of Sport Communication, 1(3), 361-377. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsc.1.3.361

Gantz, W., & Lewis, N. (2021). Sports fanship changes across the lifespan. Communication & Sport. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167479521991812

Gantz, W., & Wenner, L.A. (1995). Fanship and the television sports viewing experience. Sociology of Sport Journal, 12(1), 56-74. https://doi.org/10.1123/ssj.12.1.56

Gentrup, A. (2022, April 20). Netflix exec talks F1, games but taps brakes on live sports. Front Office Sports. https://frontofficesports.com/newsletter/netflix-ceo-talks-live-sports-strategy/

Giulianotti, R. (2015). Supporters, followers, fans and flâneurs: A taxonomy of spectator identities in football. In D. Karen, & R. E. Washington, (Eds.), Sociological Perspectives on Sport (249-262). Routledge.

Grosskopf, N. (2022, Dec. 23). Audiences télé 2022 : Quels sont les programmes qui ont été les plus regardés ? Courrier Picard. https://www.courrier-picard.fr/id372879/article/2022-12-23/audiences-tele-2022-quels-sont-les-programmes-qui-ont-ete-les-plus-regardes

Hall, S. (2021, January 9). Live sports has resumed, but data shows TV audiences have not fully returned post-Covid. ThePrint. https://theprint.in/sport/live-sports-has-resumed-but-data-shows-tv-audiences-have-not-fully-returned-post-covid/581939/

Haught, M.J. (2022). Home video. In J. Meadows & A. Grant (Eds.) Communication Technology Update and Fundamentals (18th ed.). Routledge.

Hutchins, B. & Boyle, R. (2017) A community of practice: Sport journalism, mobile media and institutional change. Digital Journalism, 5(5), 496-512. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2016.1234147

ICA (2020). The sports communication playing field: Leading international scholars consider the research agenda [Panel]. 2020 International Association Communication conference.

Ilan, J. (2021). We Now Go Live: Digital live-news technologies and the “reinvention of live” in professional TV news broadcasting. Digital Journalism, 9(4), 481-499. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2021.1886862

Joseph, S. (2019, November 1). Tech platforms like Facebook and Twitter cool interest in broadcasting live sports. Digiday. https://digiday.com/future-of-tv/tech-companies-cool-on-live-sports-broadcasts/

Karp, A. (2023, Jan. 9). Games Rule: Sports events account for all but six of the top 100 telecasts of 2022. Sports Business Journal. https://sportsbusinessjournal.com/Journal/Issues/2022/01/10/Upfront/Ratings.aspx

Katz, E. & Blumler, J. G. (1974). The uses of mass communications: Current perspectives on gratifications research. Sage.

Kayali, L., Walker, A., & Leali, G. (2021, June 17). Why Amazon’s move into European sports is unstoppable. Politico. https://www.politico.eu/article/amazon-europe-sport-football-tv/

Kim, H. S., & Kim, M. (2020). Viewing sports online together? Psychological consequences on social live streaming service usage. Sport Management Review, 23(5), 869-882. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2019.12.007

Kunz, W. M. (2020). The political economy of sports television. Routledge.

Kupfer, A. & Anderson J. (2021). Expert analysis: The reciprocal relationship between sports gambling and fantasy football on television. The International Journal of the History of Sport, 38(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2021.1876673

Laharie, F. (2017, September 20). L’évolution du journalisme sportif. Invited Presentation in Bordeaux, France. Summarized at http://www.rotarybordeaux.org/evolution-journalisme-sportif

Lewis, M., Conlan, L. & Brown, K. A. (2017). Uses and gratifications of streaming sport services consumers. In A. C. Billings & K.A. Brown (Eds.), Evolution of the modern sports fan: Communicative approaches (pp. 201-213), Lexington Press.

Lin, J.-S., Chen, K.-J., & Sung, Y. (2018). Understanding the nature, uses, and gratifications of social television: Implications for developing viewer engagement and network loyalty. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 62(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/08838151.2017.1402904

Loepp, E. Kelly, J. T. (2020). Distinction without a difference? An assessment of MTurk worker types. Research and Politics, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2053168019901185

Logan, K. (2011). Hulu.com or NBC? Streaming video versus traditional TV. Journal of Advertising Research, 51(1), 276-287. https://doi.org/10.2501/JAR-51-1-276-287

Lynn, B. J., Coche, R. & Messick, A. (2021). X’s and O’s, angles and games: NFL football yardage estimations based on camera angle. Sports Innovation Journal, 1, 1-18. https://journals.iupui.edu/index.php/sij/article/view/24247

Mortensen, K., & Hughes, T. L. (2018). Comparing Amazon's Mechanical Turk Platform to conventional data collection methods in the health and medical research literature. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 33(4), 533–538. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-017-4246-0

Nee, R. C. (2021). Wild, stressful, or stupid: Que es Bandersnatch? Exploring user outcomes of Netflix’s interactive Black Mirror episode. Convergence, 27(5), 1488-1506. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354856521996557

Notte, J. (2017, June 30). The sports with the oldest — and youngest — TV audiences. MarketWatch. https://www.marketwatch.com/story/the-sports-with-the-oldest-and-youngest-tv-audiences-2017-06-30

Palco23. (2023, Jan. 2). El fútbol acapara los cinco primeros puestos de los programas más vistos en 2022. https://www.palco23.com/media/el-futbol-acapara-los-cinco-primeros-puestos-de-los-programas-mas-vistos-en-2022

Pavlidis, A. [@adele_pavlidis]. (2021, July 29). I love how the olympics is so inclusive in that the commentators don’t always assume watchers know much [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/adele_pavlidis/status/1420895421459689477

Porter, R. (2021, May 12). Amazon snags partial WNBA rights amid live sports push. The Hollywood Reporter. https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/amazon-wnba-streaming-rights-1234952309/

Reimer, A. (2021). Why sports TV ratings will likely still suffer in 2021. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/alexreimer/2020/12/16/why-sports-tv-ratings-will-likely-still-suffer-in-2021/?sh=76b55fc82acf

Rogers, R. (2018). How sports entertain: Enjoyable and meaningful experiences for sports audiences. Media Watch, 9(3), 372-382. http://dx.doi.org/10.15655/mw/2018/v9i3/49486

Rogers, R., Strudler, K., Decker, A., & Grazulis, A. (2017). Can augmented-reality technology augment the fan experience? A model of enjoyment for sports spectators. Journal of Sports Media, 12(2), 25-44. https://doi.org/10.1353/jsm.2017.0009

Rubin, A. (1983). Television uses and gratifications: The interactions of viewing patterns and motivations. Journal of Broadcasting, 27, 37-52. https://doi.org/10.1080/08838158309386471

Sipocz, D. & Coche, R. (2019). Tweetkeeping NBC’s Rio Olympics. Ohio Communication Journal, 57, 91-104.

Spinda, J. S. W., & Puckette, S. (2018). Just a snap: Fan uses and gratifications for following sports snapchat. Communication & Sport, 6(5), 627-649. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167479517731335

Steinkuehler, C. (2020). Esports research: Critical, empirical, and historical studies of competitive videogame play. Games and Culture, 15(1), 3-8. https://doi.org/10.1177/1555412019836855

Sundar, S. S., & Limperos, A. M. (2013). “Uses and grats 2.0: New gratifications for new media.” Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 57(4), 504-525. https://doi.org/10.1080/08838151.2013.845827

Takahashi, D. (2019, April 13). Our deep dive into how esports broadcasting differs from traditional sports. VentureBeat. https://venturebeat.com/2019/04/13/our-deep-dive-into-how-esports-broadcasting-differs-from-traditional-sports/

Tamir, I., & Lehman-Wilzig, S. (2022). The routinization of media events: Televised sports in the era of mega-TV. Television & New Media. https://doi.org/10.1177/15274764221080989

Tang, T., Cooper, R., & Kucek, J. (2021). Gendered esports: Predicting why men and women play and watch esports games. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 65(3), 336-356. https://doi.org/10.1080/08838151.2021.1958815

Wakefield, L. & Bennett, G. (2018). The Antidote to an aging audience [Conference Presentation]. 2018 Sport Marketing Association Conference. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/54358491e4b0e09faedc4a1b/t/5bcf8fe9085229cc05c54063/1540329449316/WAKEFIELD_LANE_FORMATTED.pdf

Wann, D. L. (1995). Preliminary validation of the sport fan motivation scale. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 19, 377-96. https://doi.org/10.1177/019372395019004004

Watson, J. C. (2020). Uninspired: Framing wheelchair basketball and able-bodied basketball in college news sources. Communication & Sport, 8(4-5), 526-544. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167479519894669

Winarsky N. (2019, November 17). Exponential tech advances will change the world faster than we think. VentureBeat. https://venturebeat.com/2019/11/17/exponential-tech-advances-will-change-the-world-faster-than-we-think/

Wymer, S., Naraine, M. L., Thompson, A. L., & Martin, A. J. (2021). Transforming the fan experience through livestreaming: A Conceptual Model. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 21(2), 79-92. https://doi.org/10.1080/15252019.2021.1910884

Young J. (2019, May 19). Facebook wants its pay-per-view model to expand across sports. CNBC. https://www.cnbc.com/2021/05/19/facebook-wants-its-pay-per-view-model-to-expand-across-sports.html

Zhou, S., & Sloan, D. (2011). Research methods in communication (2nd ed). Vision Press.

Publicado

2023-12-21

Cómo citar

Coche, R., Lynn, B. J., & Haught, M. J. (2023). ¿Divide y vencerás? : Un modelo para la retransmisión deportiva OTT en directo. Obra Digital, (24), 31–50. https://doi.org/10.25029/od.2023.382.24